Mix in
Today’s expression is a phrasal verb, to “mix in.” This is a close cousin to the word “mix,” so I’m going to show you the difference between “mix” and “mix in.”
You probably know the word “mix,” but let me give you a primer. If you’re making a cocktail—JR, pay attention!—you might mix three ingredients. Many cocktails follow this formula: two parts spirit, one part sweet, one part sour. So the bartender will mix three ingredients together, the alcohol and the other ingredients. This means you combine the ingredients into one.
Individually, the ingredients were not a cocktail. But if you combine them, they are a cocktail. You mix them together to create something new.
If you’re more into baking, you might mix eggs, flour, and sugar together. When you mix them together, you create batter. You didn’t have batter before, but when you combine the ingredients, when you mix them together, you have something new, you have cake batter.
I know we have a lot of engineers who listen. You can mix concrete. I would never try this, but according to what I’ve read, you make concrete by mixing water, sand, gravel, and cement together. So that’s mix.
What’s the difference, then, with “mix in”? It’s a very small difference, but it is important. When you “mix in” you add something small to something that already exists in its final form. And the thing you add doesn’t change the essential nature of what you’re adding it to.
So think of it this way. You add something small to something that already exists, something that could be a final product. Here’s an example. You’ve mixed some ingredients together to create cookie dough. Then, you mix in some chocolate chips. You add chocolate chips to the cookie dough. When you mix in the chocolate, you’re not changing the essential nature of the cookie dough—it’s still cookie dough, you’re adding something else, without changing its basic characteristics.
So the difference is: “mix in” adds a small ingredient to something that’s almost done. “Mix” is to combine things to create something new. You mix eggs, flour, and sugar to create something new—batter. But you mix in some chocolate chips.
So this is how you heard it on today’s lesson about fentanyl —only the final result is not delicious, but deadly. Fentanyl is mixed in with heroin or cocaine or methamphetamines. So remember, mixed in is about adding an ingredient to something else, to something that could be a final product.
Heroin by itself is a final product. But drugmakers mix fentanyl into heroin. They combine a little fentanyl to the heroin that already exists to create a new and often lethal combination.
Here’s another example from the news. You may have heard that Europe and America have combined to put a cap on the price of oil exported from Russia. The cap is $60 per barrel. That means that Europe and America, and the companies based there, will only buy oil at $60 per barrel or less if that oil came from Russia. The market rate is about $80 per barrel, for oil that came from elsewhere. But if the oil comes from Russa, buyers are only allowed to pay $60.
Great. So what’s happening? Russia is exporting oil to neutral locations like Singapore and the United Arab Emirates. Russian oil is being mixed in with oil from other locations, and then sold back to America and Europe at the full price. Voila—Russia is avoiding the price cap sanctions. They mix their oil into the oil from other places, and it disappears into the global market.
JR’s song of the week
It’s Thursday, so JR has selected a song of the week. Today’s song is called “In This Shirt” by The Irrepressibles.
Irrepressible—what a word for a band. Here’s what that means. If something is irrepressible, you can’t control it. Irrepressible laughter, we sometimes say—that means, you’re laughing and you just can’t control it.
A person is irrepressible if the person expresses a lot of emotion. They can’t control or hide their emotions.
Anyway, the song this week is “In This Shirt” by The Irrepressibles.
See you next time!
That’s all for today’s Plain English. Congratulations on all the great progress you’re making in English. Some of you study every lesson carefully, you read the transcripts, you do the exercises, you write examples, you join our calls. Others listen in the car whenever you have a chance. Whatever you do, it doesn’t matter—I’m really happy you’re including Plain English in your routine.
We’ll be back on Monday with a new lesson—see you then.
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