The expression I have for you today is a silver lining. I\u2019m going to tell you what a \u201clining\u201d is, and then give you the full expression. A lining is usually the thin fabric that covers the inside of a garment. A garment is a piece of clothing. A common place to find a lining is in a sport coat or a suit coat for men. So you gentlemen out there\u2014or you ladies with a gentleman in your life\u2014check out your suit coat and look on the inside, the part that touches your shirt. There\u2019s probably a silky-smooth fabric in that part\u2014that is the lining.<\/p>\n
There\u2019s an old expression in English that goes like this, \u201cEvery cloud has a silver lining.\u201d In this case, a cloud is a symbol of something dark and gloomy, something sad, something unpleasant. The silver lining is the part of a bad situation that is good. So the expression, \u201cevery cloud has a silver lining\u201d means that you can find a little bit of good in any bad situation.<\/p>\n
It\u2019s common in speech to simply refer to a silver lining; you don\u2019t need to mention the \u201ccloud\u201d because everyone knows what it means. Earlier in this episode, you heard me say this: There is a silver lining for travelers who keep their heads and assess the risks: they can get lower prices on hotels and cheaper flights. No doubt, the situation in countries like Thailand and Indonesia is bad. Even though they are not suffering directly from coronavirus, people are staying away out of fear of the virus. It\u2019s safe to travel to those countries, but they\u2019re hurting because of general unease.<\/p>\n
That opens up an opportunity for people who want to travel and who know that it\u2019s not too risky to do so. That opportunity is the one good thing about this crisis. I want to emphasize that when you say \u201csilver lining,\u201d you\u2019re not minimizing the gravity of the situation. In fact, when you say \u201csilver lining,\u201d you\u2019re acknowledging that the main part of the situation is pretty bad. But nevertheless, there can be something good about it.<\/p>\n
Can you think of another silver lining to this crisis? I can think of one. Do you remember when we talked about the race to develop a vaccine for coronavirus? Researchers are attempting to create a DNA-based vaccine. That is something that has not been tried on such a large scale before. The race to develop the coronavirus will give vaccine researchers practice developing DNA-based vaccines. The work they do now under pressure may help develop other vaccines for other diseases in the future.<\/p>\n
The silver lining in this situation is that we are going to learn more, as a society, about DNA-based vaccines. That doesn\u2019t mean I\u2019m happy that the work is necessary\u2014far from it. But it is nevertheless a small positive effect from an overall bad situation.<\/p>\n
For many people, losing their job is traumatic. It\u2019s a terrible feeling to get the notice that your job is being eliminated or that you have been let go because they company doesn\u2019t want you working there anymore. But for some people, there is a silver lining. They can take the occasion to start a new business or look for a job in a field they like better. It\u2019s never good to lose a job, but the silver lining is that it gives you the opportunity to start a business or find something better.<\/p>\n
Did you watch the Oscars this year? Netflix was hoping to have a big night; \u201cThe Irishman\u201d was nominated for ten awards but came home empty-handed. Netflix wants to be taken seriously as a movie studio, and a big night at the Oscars would have given the streaming giant some much-needed validation. But it wasn\u2019t to be, as the South Korean film \u201cParasite\u201d cleaned up. But there is a silver lining for Netflix. The fact that the Oscars were given to an international film is a silver lining for Netflix, because Netflix is so strong with international films. Sure, Netflix didn\u2019t win a lot this year. But they are so strong with international films, and international films are gaining greater acceptance at the Academy Awards. So there is some hope for next year. That is the silver lining for Netflix.<\/p>\n
A friend of mine is going through a tough time with his family. One of his uncles has cancer and the prognosis isn\u2019t very good: his uncle is probably going to die. In talking to him about it, though, he acknowledged that there is a silver lining to the situation. And that is, his family is becoming closer as a result. Family members who had drifted apart are now re-connecting in their support of my friend\u2019s uncle. The situation is undoubtedly very sad, but the silver lining is that it is helping some family members to re-connect with one another.<\/p>\n
I\u2019ve got a language-related quote of the week for you today. Before I read you the quote, I need to teach you a word, and that is \u201cdialect.\u201d A dialect is a regional variety of a language. Speakers of different dialects can usually\u2014but not always\u2014understand one another. Spanish has several dialects. European Spanish and the Spanish of Latin America are different dialects. The differences include pronunciation and the use of \u201cvosotros\u201d in Europe versus \u201custedes\u201d in the Americas. Even within Latin America, some regions use \u201cvos\u201d instead of \u201ct\u00fa\u201d. Regardless, though, almost any Spanish speaker can understand any other Spanish speaker around the world, even if they speak different dialects.<\/p>\n
It\u2019s different in China. Mandarin is the biggest dialect, but even within Mandarin, there are regional varieties. But about 35 percent of Chinese speakers speak dialects other than Mandarin\u2014and not all are mutually intelligible. A Min dialect speaker and a Mandarin dialect speaker might not understand each other, for example.<\/p>\n
So what is the difference between a \u201cdialect\u201d and a \u201clanguage\u201d? Here\u2019s today\u2019s quote, from the scholar Max Weinreich: \u201cA language is a dialect with an army and a navy.\u201d Get it?<\/p>\n
The point he\u2019s making is that different \u201cdialects\u201d of Chinese are farther apart than the differences between, say, Spanish and Portuguese. So why are Spanish and Portuguese considered languages? Because Spain and Portugal had armies and navies.<\/p>\n
The quote is not entirely serious, but it\u2019s meant to draw attention to the fact that what we call a \u201clanguage\u201d versus a \u201cdialect\u201d is a little arbitrary and related as much to politics and warfare as to actual differences between writing and speech. \u201cA language is a dialect with an army and a navy.\u201d<\/p>\n
That\u2019s all for today\u2019s episode\u2014written, recorded, and produced all in Chicago, since JR is here visiting. <\/p>\n
Coming up on Thursday: we humans may have a new member of our collective family tree. For all of you who have read the book \u201cSapiens,\u201d or if you\u2019re interested in archaeology and the origins of the human race\u2014this is the episode for you. That will be out on Thursday: don\u2019t miss it.<\/p>\n